DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y MEJORAMIENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants and improvement of medicinal herbs:

This paper presents the first mol. phylogeny of the genus Passiflora encompassing almost all sections of this large genus.  The nuclear-encoded chloroplast-expressed glutamine synthetase gene (ncpGS) was used to examine the relationships among Passiflora species (passionflowers), which was then compared with the new classification proposed by Feuillet and MacDougal.  The resulting Bayesian, likelihood, and parsimony trees are congruent and well supported.  The 90 Passiflora species examd. apparently split into eight main subgenera: Plectostemma, Granadilla, Astrophea, Deidamioides, Polyanthea, Dysosmia, Tetrapathea, and Tryphostemmatoides.  These results are in overall agreement with the Feuillet and MacDougal's classification but here we propose that three addnl. subgenera, Polyanthea, Dysosmia, and Tetrapathea, should be maintained.  We observe a striking overall correlation between the phylogenetic position of the different species and their chromosome no.  The first clade contains the arborescent species of the subgenus Astrophea, with n=12.  The second clade, subgenus Plectostemma, includes species from four subgenera of Killip's classification with n=6 chromosomes.  The last clade, subgenus Granadilla, includes species of seven old subgenera with n=9.  Subgenus Dysosmia, with a variable chromosome no. of n=9-11, is considered here as a sep. subgenus closely related to the subgenus Granadilla.  

ÚLTIMOS AVANCES EN LA QUÍMICA Y ACTIVIDADES BACTERIOLÓGICAS EN LAS PLANTAS MEDICINALES= Medicinal plants, last advances on chemistry and bacteria activities on the medicinal herbs

The total phenols content (Folin-Ciocalteau assay) and antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing/antioxidant power - FRAP) of 41 plants from Cordoba (Argentina) were analyzed.  Phenol content ranged from 8.2 to 100.2 mg GAE/g.  FRAP ranged from 85.2 to 1862.0 mmol of Fe(II)/g.  Capparis atamisguea had the lowest values of total phenols content and antioxidant capacity (8.2 mg GAE/g and 85.2 mmol of Fe(II)/g, resp.), while Ligaria cuneifolia exhibited the highest values (100.2 mg GAE/g and 1862.0 mmol of Fe(II)/g, resp.).  A significant linear correlation (p < 0.05) was found (0.9125) between phenols content and antioxidant capacity.  Results support the idea that these plants may be a good source of natural antioxidants for food applications.  Plants from the Asteraceae family (the most representative of the Cordoba flora) were further tested for their DPPH radical scavenging activity.  Some plant exts. were tested in a simple food system to investigate to their potential use in foods.

Patente extraída del Chemical Abstracts= Patent extrated from the Database Chemical Abstracts

Combined production line for deep processing of Passiflora caerulea.      Zhou, Guanmin.  (Peop. Rep. China).    Shiyong Xinxing Zhuanli Shuomingshu  (2010),     6pp.  CODEN: CNXXAR  CN  201515674  Y  20100630  Patent  written in Chinese.    Application: CN  2009-20164771  20091028.  Priority: .  CAN 153:173336    AN 2010:826677    CAPLUS   (Copyright (C) 2010 ACS on SciFinder (R))  

The title combined prodn. line comprises: a raw juice prodn. line, a pectin prodn. line, a jam prodn. line, and a seed oil prodn. line.  The raw juice prodn. line comprises: a washer, a vacuum ducker, a pulper, a separator, and a sterilization tank.  The seed oil prodn. line comprises: a dryer, a mill, a liquefaction tank, an extn. tank, and a separator.  The pectin prodn. line comprises: a jam beater, a thermal treatment chamber, an extn. tank, a filter, a neutralization tank, a relief tank and an air dryer.  The jam prodn. line comprises: a pulper, a separator, a modulation tank, a homogenizer and a steaming pot.

PARTE UTILIZADA= Used part: Raíz, partes aéreas.

ACCIÓN FARMACOLÓGICA= Pharmacological action: Antihelmíntica (raíz), sedante, diurética.

POSOLOGÍA= Posology: La infusión de las partes aéreas es ansiolítica. Infusión al 1%

COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA= Chemical composition: En planta entera: vitexina, orientina, isovitexina, isoorrientina, saponarina y sustancia F2, En parte no indicada: passiflorina, maracugina, licopina (dicaroteno), harmano, harmol, harmina, kaempferol, quercetina y glucósidos cianogenéticos. En las partes aéreas se han reportado neohesperidina, ácidos cafeico, clorogénico, p-cumárico y ferúlico; cumarina y umbeliferona. Las hojas contienen crisina, ginocardina, tetrafilina B, sulfato de tetrafilina B, sulfato de epitetrafilina y volkenina. La crisina tiene propiedades anticonvulsivas.

ZONA GEOGRÁFICA= Geografical zone: Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay. 

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Enfermedad o síntoma
Nervios

Parte utilizada
Hoja y flor

Forma de preparación
Infusión

Modo de administración
Vía oral

Origen
Tucumán, Argentina
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Parte utilizada:
Hojas y planta completa.
Propiedades:
Antitusivo, broncodilatador, antidiarreico y anticonvulsivo.
Indicaciones:
Es recomendable para combatir el asma, la tos convulsa y la de origen nervioso. Se emplea en las convulsiones infantiles, el deliriun tremens, los dolores de cabeza causados por anormalidades nerviosas, la epilepsia y los ataques en general. Es un calmante de primer orden que se puede emplear en las crisis nerviosas y neurasténicas; también en los insomnios. También el zumo de las hojas verdes o cogollos del Mburucuya, es un buen purgante y vomitivo. Se utiliza para combatir el paludismo o terciana crónica.

1) 270 (doscientos setenta) plantas medicinales iberoamericanas. Santiago de Bogotá : CYTED-SECAB, 1995, pp.422-424.

2) YOCKTENG, Roxana; NADOT, Sophie. Phylogenetic relationships among  Passiflora  species based on the glutamine synthetase nuclear gene expressed in chloroplast (ncpGS).    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2004, vol.31, nº1, p.379-396.
  
3) ALONSO PAZ, Eduardo ; BASSAGODA, María Julia ; FERREIRA, Fernando. Yuyos : uso racional de las plantas medicinales. 2da. ed. Montevideo : Fin de siglo, 2007, p.98

4) BORNEO, R., et al. Antioxidant capacity of medicinal plants from the Province of Cordoba (Argentina) and their in vitro testing in a model food system. Food Chemistry. 2008.  Volume Date 2009, vol.112, nº3, p.664-670.

5) ALONSO, Jorge ; DESMARCHELIER, Cristian. Plantas medicinales autóctonas de la Argentina : bases científicas para su aplicación en atención primaria de la salud.  Buenos Aires: L.O.L.A, 2005, p. 409.

6) Ceballos, Sergio J.; Perea Mario C./ Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, vol 13, no 1, 2014. - p. 47 - 68

6) María Stella Cáceres A.; et al./ MANUAL DE USO DE HIERBAS MEDICINALES
DEL PARAGUAY/ Fundación Celestina de Pérez Almada con apoyo de Unesco Montevideo. p. 56.